Hi,
I came across this article as well and it immediately got my attention. And I think it deserves more views.
Why APOE4 in Tsimane is cognitively protective!
70% of Tsimane have parasites, here is the
study showing some evidence that the more parasitic worms APOE4 has the batter cognition outcome (in multiple tests). Worms activity was measured as a hallmark of eosinophilia count.
e4ts.jpg
How do worms affect the immune system
Extensive research shows that parasitic worms have the ability to deactivate certain immune system cells, leading to a gentler immune response.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Often, such a response is beneficial to both parasite and host, according to Graham Rook, a professor of medical microbiology at University College London.[9] This immune "relaxation" is incorporated throughout the immune system, decreasing immune responses against harmless allergens, gut flora, and the body itself.[9]
In the journal Parasite Immunology, Kamal et al. explains that parasitic worms often weaken the immune system's ability to effectively respond to a vaccine because such worms induce a Th2-based immune response that is less responsive than normal to antigens.[21] This is a major concern in developing countries where parasitic worms and the need for vaccinations exist in large number.[21] It may explain why vaccines are often ineffective in developing countries.[21]
Rook postulates that different parasitic worms suppress different Th types, but always in favor of regulatory T (Treg) cells.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_o ... une_system
It always bugged me if AD goes with CVD why we see more prevalence of AD in women than in men...?
Sex differences in immune responses
Generally, adult females mount stronger innate and adaptive immune responses than males. This results in faster clearance of pathogens and greater vaccine efficacy in females than in males but also contributes to their increased susceptibility to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
For instance, 80% of autoimmune disease occurs in females
ims.jpg
https://www.nature.com/articles/nri.2016.90
Women tend to have more CD4+ T cells and less Treg cells (than men, regardless of APOE) trough most of their life.
APOE4 is just a hyperactive guard with hot guns.
Now another study
CD4+ effector T cells accelerate Alzheimer’s disease in mice
https://jneuroinflammation.biomedcentra ... 21-02308-7
Alteration in brain glucose uptake and its subsequent metabolism is a biomarker for memory impairment [24, 25], and has been used to confirm the effects of Aβ-Teffs on the memory functions of APP/PS1 mice.
These results underscore an important pathological role for CD4+ Teffs in AD progression. We posit that aberrant disease-associated effector T cell immune responses can be controlled. One solution is by Aβ reactive Tregs.
So the insulin resistance in brain is not a causation it's just a manifestation of the disease. Impaired neurons won't accept glucose well.
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